The lecture by Kristian Widén (Associate Professor, Innovation Science with focus on the Built Environment Halmstad University) highlighted  Smart cities strategies are based on the usages of network infrastructures and Internet-based applications. Key areas in Smart Cities include; Smart Building, Smart Mobility, Smart Infrastructure, Smart Technology, Smart Energy, Smart Citizens, Smart Governance, Smart Education and Smart Health. The discussion further delved into In contrast to manufacturing, where new ideas may flow fairly easy through a well-established vertically integrated value-chain, construction is characterised by the way new ideas are implemented in projects where the value-chain may vary from project to project. The innovation process in construction cannot be modelled according to the models developed for manufacturing business sectors, due to the project-based nature of construction.